Solomon ibn Gabirol

Solomon ben Yehuda ibn Gabirol Avicebron
Modern depiction of Ibn Gabirol
Born	1021 or 1022 Málaga, Caliphate of Cordoba
Died	1070 (1050?, 1058?) Valencia, Taifa of Valencia/Toledo
Other names	Avicebron, Avicebrol
Notable work	Fons Vitæ
Era	Medieval philosophy
Region	Jewish philosophy
School	Neoplatonism
Main interests	Religious philosophy

Solomon ibn Gabirol or Solomon ben Judah (Hebrew: ר׳ שְׁלֹמֹה בֶּן יְהוּדָה אִבְּן גָּבִּירוֹל, romanized: Shlomo Ben Yehuda ibn Gabirol, pronounced [ʃ(e)loˈmo ben jehuˈda ʔibn ɡabiˈʁol]; Arabic: أبو أيوب سليمان بن يحيى بن جبيرول, romanized: ’Abū ’Ayyūb Sulaymān bin Yaḥyá bin Jabīrūl, pronounced [ˈʔæbuː ʔæjˈjuːb sʊlæjˈmæːn bɪn ˈjæħjæː bɪn dʒæbiːˈruːl]) was an 11th-century Andalusi poet and Jewish philosopher in the Neo-Platonic tradition. He published over a hundred poems, as well as works of biblical exegesis, philosophy, ethics^[1]: xxvii and satire.^[1]: xxv One source credits ibn Gabirol with creating a golem,^[2] possibly female, for household chores.^[3]

In the 19th century it was discovered that medieval translators had Latinized Gabirol's name to Avicebron or Avencebrol and had translated his work on Jewish Neo-Platonic philosophy into a Latin form that had in the intervening centuries been highly regarded as a work of Islamic or Christian scholarship.^{[1]: xxxii [4]} As such, ibn Gabirol is well known in the history of philosophy for the doctrine that all things, including soul and intellect, are composed of matter and form ("Universal Hylomorphism"), and for his emphasis on divine will.^[3]